{"id":176431455,"date":"2014-01-25T23:59:31","date_gmt":"2014-01-26T05:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/?p=176431455"},"modified":"2014-01-25T23:59:31","modified_gmt":"2014-01-26T05:59:31","slug":"pov-binyavanga-wainaina-and-the-intellectual-bankruptcy-of-the-african-middle-class","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/2014\/01\/25\/pov-binyavanga-wainaina-and-the-intellectual-bankruptcy-of-the-african-middle-class\/","title":{"rendered":"POV: Binyavanga Wainaina and the Intellectual bankruptcy of the African Middle-class"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.thisisafrica.me\/static\/img\/site-header-logo.png\" width=\"588\" height=\"60\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">THURSDAY, JANUARY 23<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-02.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-176431457\" alt=\"Binyavanga Wainaina 02\" src=\"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-02-1024x685.jpg\" width=\"645\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-02-1024x685.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-02-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-02-920x615.jpg 920w, http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-02.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: xx-large; color: #000000;\">Binyavanga Wainaina and the<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: xx-large; color: #000000;\"> Intellectual bankruptcy <\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: xx-large; color: #000000;\">of the African Middle-class<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thisisafrica.me\/writers\/detail\/84\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bwesigye bwa Mwesigire<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<article>\n<div id=\"tab-0\">\n<div id=\"attachment_176431456\" style=\"width: 655px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-01.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-176431456\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-176431456 \" alt=\"Author, cultural commentator and satirist Binyavanga Wainaina \/ photo by Allan G.\" src=\"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-01-1024x685.jpg\" width=\"645\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-01-1024x685.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-01-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-01-920x615.jpg 920w, http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Binyavanga-Wainaina-01.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-176431456\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: small;\"><strong>Author, cultural commentator and satirist Binyavanga Wainaina \/ photo by Allan G.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><strong>In the last decade, one of the keywords on the lips of the Africa Rising crowd has been &#8220;development&#8221;. The African middle-class &#8211; along with a huge development industry &#8211; is\u00a0 setting the terms of this \u201cdevelopment\u201d, but the central idea seems to be \u2018let\u2019s turn Africa into Europe.\u2019 So, for instance, Europe doesn\u2019t have things like boda-bodas [motorcycle taxis], so let\u2019s get rid of them. And so it is that perfectly convenient local solutions are discarded for grand ideas designed to make Africa (and Africans) more like Europe (and Europeans). This is exactly the kind of Victorian thinking the British brought to Nigeria, Uganda, Kenya, etc. when they colonised us. We unwittingly internalised this thinking and now continue their work for them in the name of &#8220;development&#8221;, all the while thinking we are being modern, forward-thinking globalized Africans.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Cultural critic Binyavanga Wainaina has posted a series of videos on YouTube talking about this poverty of imagination and asking middle-class Africans to dare to free their imagination. The following is our response to his thesis.<\/strong><em><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">On\u00a0the 18th of January 2014, Binyavanga Wainaina, the Kenyan writer celebrated his birthday by publishing a moving personal essay (in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chimurengachronic.co.za\/i-am-a-homosexual-mum-by-binyavanga-wainaina\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Chimurenga<\/em><\/span><\/a>) announcing that he has known he was gay since the age of five. His\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Binyavanga-Wainaina\/187012861340837\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Facebook wall<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BinyavangaW\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Twitter<\/span><\/a>\u00a0timeline have since been filled with congratulatory messages and occasionally some condemnation of his decision, him, the person, and the fact that he is gay. But Binyavanga was prepared for the discussion. On the 21st, he began publishing a series of videos on YouTube titled\u00a0<em>We must Free our imagination<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8uMwppw5AgU?rel=0\" height=\"242\" width=\"430\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">In the videos, he talks about being gay and traces the roots of African homophobia to colonialism, pentecostal-ism and dictatorship. One of the interesting things he says is that the African middle class is comfortable fitting within the descriptions colonialism bestowed on them. He traces the roots of anti-homosexuality laws to Victorian England, from where he says the word &#8216;sodomite&#8217; originates. He goes on to say that the colonialist expected the African to be engaging in homosexual acts because he, the colonialist, simply did not understand the complexity of African life. Thus, sodomy laws were, like many other laws, transplanted to Africa. This also came with the thinking that Africans were \u201cnatural\u201d, in other words closer to apes than the white man\u00a0<em>[Editor&#8217;s note: Hard to fathom, but some today believe the same when they look at racialised<a href=\"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/2012\/12\/27\/racialized-representations-of-evolution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">illustrations like these<\/span><\/a>, completely misunderstanding Darwin&#8217;s theory of evolution].<\/em>\u00a0Wainaina in the video series argues that the African is not natural. And that to describe the African as natural is to dwindle the African&#8217;s imagination. He says that human beings think, they imagine, they do not live naturally like dogs, plants and other living things.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SQrln8pogNw?rel=0\" height=\"242\" width=\"430\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">Binyavanga&#8217;s thesis on the African middle-class is very interesting for two reasons. The debate on African development has in many ways accepted some of the assumptions of Africa that Binyavanga highlights. In various debates, one hears &#8216;educated&#8217; Africans talk about the developed world, and how close Africa is coming to becoming similar to the developed world. To use Binyavanga&#8217;s words, how good Africa is doing as the copy-cat. There is no imagination on the part of many of us when we think of development. Development is becoming synonymous with the &#8216;developed&#8217; world. We are not imagining another reality. Development is linear.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AmiO1EJ-ru8?rel=0\" height=\"242\" width=\"430\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">Let us stray from the focus of Binyavanga&#8217;s video series to urban development in Lagos and Kampala. Both city administrations have made efforts to rid these fast- &#8216;developing&#8217; cities of passenger motor-cycles, known as\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boda-boda\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">boda-bodas<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okada_%28commercial_motorcycle%29\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">okadas<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in Kampala and Lagos respectively. The history of the boda-boda in Uganda is that people travelling to Kenya by road, would board passenger bicycles to travel through the no-man&#8217;s land, from the Uganda border to the Kenyan border. Hence the name boda-boda [&#8220;border border&#8221;]. With time, motorcycles joined the business and it grew beyond the border crossing as a convenient means of transport. This is a classic example of Africans solving a problem, innovating. The boda-bodas have made life so much easier for many of us who live in Kampala, and can&#8217;t afford to buy a vehicle. But the middle-class and the ruling class do not agree.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TcZ_pkYH-DQ?rel=0\" height=\"242\" width=\"430\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">There is a failure to understand development outside the &#8216;let us become Europe&#8217; model. All eyes are set on recreating a Europe in Africa, that the visions several middle class Africans hold for their continent dwindles any originality and imagination on their part. Thus, an indigenous contribution to urbanisation in Africa, like boda-bodas, which work perfectly for the users is under threat. Do not think. Do not imagine. Do not create. Do not innovate. This is the mindset Binyavanga Wainaina is talking about in the six-part series.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vgSHzc9rxlw?rel=0\" height=\"242\" width=\"430\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">How will Africa &#8216;develop&#8217; then? Binyavanga refers to the Indian literary revival for lessons on how Africa can free her imagination. He is an artist, a writer, a cultural entrepreneur (founded the\u00a0<em>Kwani?<\/em>\u00a0publishing house ten years ago) so it is natural that he describes development in terms of cultural production. He argues for production of African culture in all its many forms. Let us imagine the continent. Let us imagine our lives. On our own terms. Let us break free of the Colonial syllabus. Of demonology, what the Binj describes as the disease that afflicts those who do not want to deal with complex situations. Let us hold our politicians accountable and reject their use of minorities as homosexuals to hoodwink us from their epic failures in imagining our continent. Let us not bow to commercialisation of the African identity to serve capitalist consumerist ends (which\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/africainwords.com\/2013\/02\/08\/exorcizing-afropolitanism-binyavanga-wainaina-explains-why-i-am-a-pan-africanist-not-an-afropolitan-at-asauk-2012\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Afropolitanism<\/span><\/a>\u00a0has done), but set our own terms for our own development.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8FkDm6H6fS0?rel=0\" height=\"242\" width=\"430\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\">If there is nothing else to get from Binyavanga&#8217;s video series, let it be that the African middle class needs to question its perceptions of development and progress. It needs to free its imagination. One imagines that once this happens, we shall appreciate the need for boda-bodas and okadas in Kampala and Lagos, rather than simply dismiss them because London and New York do not have them. We can imagine images of cities that serve us, rather than settle for mimicry in the name of development.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>++++++++++++++++++++++++<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><em><strong>Bwesigye<\/strong> teaches at St. Augustine International University in Kampala, Uganda\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><em>Binyavanga Wainaina is an author, cultural commentator and satirist who\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.caineprize.com\/winners_02.php\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">won the Caine Prize for African Writing<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in 2002 for his short story\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kwani.org\/publication\/kwanini-series\/5\/discovering_home.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cDiscovering Home\u201d<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and used his prize money to set up the literary journal\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kwani.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kwani?<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0 He has written for the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mg.co.za\/author\/binyavanga-wainaina\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mail and Guardian<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in South Africa and his writing has also appeared in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/query.nytimes.com\/search\/sitesearch\/#\/BINYAvanga+wainaina\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">New York Times<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/profile\/binyavanga-wainaina\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the Guardian<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.granta.com\/Contributors\/Binyavanga-Wainaina\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Granta<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(which published his most popular satirical essay\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.granta.com\/Archive\/92\/How-to-Write-about-Africa\/Page-1\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cHow to Write About Africa\u201d<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and his memoir\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Will-Write-About-This-Place\/dp\/1847083323\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cOne Day I Will Write About This Place\u201d<\/span><\/a>) and<a href=\"http:\/\/ngm.nationalgeographic.com\/ngm\/0509\/feature2\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">National Geographic<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0 He was the Director of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bard.edu\/academics\/additional\/additional.php?id=1488776\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chinua Achebe Centre for African Literature and Languages<\/span><\/a>\u00a0at Bard College, New York, before returning to settle in Nairobi, Kenya.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&gt;via:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thisisafrica.me\/opinion\/detail\/20150\/binyavanga-wainaina-and-the-intellectual-bankruptcy-of-the-african-middle-class\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.thisisafrica.me\/opinion\/detail\/20150\/binyavanga-wainaina-and-the-intellectual-bankruptcy-of-the-african-middle-class<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THURSDAY, JANUARY 23 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Binyavanga Wainaina and the Intellectual bankruptcy of the African Middle-class &nbsp; by\u00a0Bwesigye bwa Mwesigire&nbsp; In the last decade, one of the keywords on the lips of the Africa Rising crowd has been &#8220;development&#8221;. The African middle-class &#8211; along with a huge development industry &#8211; is\u00a0 setting the terms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","_s2mail":"yes"},"categories":[6],"tags":[4,12,11],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176431455"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176431455"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176431455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176431500,"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176431455\/revisions\/176431500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176431455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176431455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kalamu.com\/neogriot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176431455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}